Background and Objective: Fixed DRUG eruption (FDE) is one kind of DRUG rashes that is characterized by re-appearance of the lesions on the same sites after re-exposure to the causative DRUG. This study was performed to evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of FDE. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on a series of 100FDE cases, whom were admitted at the outpatient dermatology clinic of Hazrat-e-Rasoul Hospital over a six-year period. The primary diagnosis of FDE was suggested according to clinical findings including a remaining hyperpigmentation at the site of healed skin lesion(s). Oral challenge test with a single low dose administration of the suspected DRUG was used to confinn the diagnosis. Recurrence of the lesion(s) at the same body area(s) was considered as positive result. Results: Most commonly causative agents were co-trimoxazole and codein, which were found in 88% and 3% FDE cases; respectively. The most common site of involvement was penile glans in 57.7% of male patients and trunk in 48.3% of females. In one patient, reaction to multiple DRUGs including co-trimoxazole, codein and tetracycline was observed and after re-challenge with each DRUG, re-appearance of the skin lesion at the same site was evident. Several patients reported concomitant acetaminophen intake, but there was no reaction to that DRUG. Conclusion: Co-trimoxazole is the most common cause of FDE.      

2In hospitals, healthcare-associated infections (HAI), also referred as nosocomial infections (NI), pose a significant challenge, leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and mortality. Pathogens can be transmitted through high-touched surfaces, healthcare worker hands, and contaminated medical equipment. These infections are often caused by Multi-DRUG Resistance Organisms (MDROs), which are bacteria resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Patients with higher illness severity scores, older age, and longer ICU stays are at increased risk. The most common side effect of healthcare is nosocomial infections, which can happen in any setting. Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are potential causes for them, spread through direct or indirect contact. MRDOs, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), and bacteria that produce Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), pose a significant problem because of their antibiotic resistance. Preventive measures such as air filtration, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning are important. Enhanced hand cleanliness, implementing contact precautions, and surveillance are crucial in managing MDROs. It is essential to use antibiotics judiciously and implement appropriate clinical measures. Further research is necessary to combat the proliferation of resistant strains. In conclusion, nosocomial infections caused by MDROs have significant public health implications. Effective prevention, control, and diagnosis are crucial in managing these infections. Preventive measures and proper antibiotic use are essential in controlling the spread of resistant bacteria.

Background and Objectives: Ziehl-Neelsen stain is an initial route in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Some studies show the sensitivity and specificity of the methods of liquid media culture in rapid diagnosis of the disease. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between Microscopic Observation DRUG Susceptibility culture, Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Lowenstein-Jensen culture of sputum in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Material and Method: This was a descriptive study with the technique of observational-interview type. One hundred patients from Masih Daneshvari hospital were considered as pulmonary TB suspects. One early morning sputum sample was obtained from each patient and used for Ziehl-Neelsen stain, culture on Lowenstein-Jensen medium and MODS culture for DRUG susceptibility testing.Results: On sputum examination, 40% of patients were smear positive by Ziehl-Neelsen stain, while 30% had positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lowenstein-Jensen medium and 47% had positive MODS culture. This research showed a significant and direct correlation between MODS culture with Lowenstein-Jensen media (r=+0.39, P<0.0001). There was a significant association and a significant and reverse correlation between MODS culture with pleural effusion (r=-0.23, P<0.05). MultiDRUG resistance was observed in 55% of patients. Prevalence of positivity of these diagnostic methods among MDR patients was lower. There was a significant and direct correlation between MDR diseases with MODS culture. (r=+0.96 P<0.0001).Conclusion: due to increasing of MDR tuberculosis, rapid determination of resistance pattern is very important which is possible by using MODS cul ture method. However, since lower positivity of MODS culture is obtained in MDR patients, Lowenstein-Jensen culture method should be done as complementary method in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

Purpose: Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol isolated from dried rhizome of turmeric. Clinical usefulness of curcumin in the treatment of cancer is limited due to poor aqueous solubility, hydrolytic degradation, metabolism, and poor oral bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, we proposed to fabricate curcumin-piperine, curcumin-quercetin and curcumin-silibinin loaded polymeric nanoformulation. However, unfavourable combinations of DRUG-DRUG and DRUG-excipient may result in interaction and rises the safety concern. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the interaction of curcumin with excipients used in nanoformulations.Methods: Isothermal stress testing method was used to assess the compatibility of DRUG-DRUG/DRUG-excipient.Results: The combination of curcumin-piperine, curcumin-quercetin, curcumin-silibinin and the combination of other excipients with curcumin, piperine, quercetin and silibinin have not shown any significant physical and chemical instability.Conclusion: The study concludes that the curcumin, piperine, quercetin and silibinin is compatible with each other and with other excipients.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are reported to be associated with increased bleeding tendency. While findings of recent studies explain a lot about the pathophysiology of this SIDE-EFFECT, there is a general tendency to discontinue SSRIs as harmful medications. We report two instances of dose-dependent relations between sertraline and bleeding tendency. Bleeding diathesis was alleviated by adjusting dosage of medication. It could be argued that benefits of SSRIs could outweigh this potential and probably avoidable sideeffect; if dose-adjustment is properly implemented.

Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique for caesarean section. Although hypotension is a common sideeffect, neurologic complications are rare. Nevertheless, these side effects are serious and must be considered.The incidence of post dural puncture meningitis is very rare. In this paper we report a patient who had spinal anesthesia for cesarean section and after three days, she came to hospital with ensuing headache, neck stiffness and loss of consciousness with timely diagnosis and treatment of meningitis, she had full recovery and was discharged without any complications.